{"id":21496,"date":"2026-02-11T15:14:53","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T15:14:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/?post_type=articles_posttype&#038;p=21496"},"modified":"2026-03-19T09:55:02","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T09:55:02","slug":"kelmuse-teel-voetud-laen-tuhistamine","status":"publish","type":"articles_posttype","link":"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/artiklid\/kelmuse-teel-voetud-laen-tuhistamine\/","title":{"rendered":"Kohtupraktika ei toeta ministeeriumi seisukohta kelmuse teel v\u00f5etud laenu t\u00fchistamise osas"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Sisukord<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/artiklid\/kelmuse-teel-voetud-laen-tuhistamine\/#Kas_kelmuse_teel_voetud_laenu_saab_tuhistada_ja_kas_ohver_peab_selle_tagasi_maksma\" >Kas kelmuse teel v\u00f5etud laenu saab t\u00fchistada ja kas ohver peab selle tagasi maksma?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/artiklid\/kelmuse-teel-voetud-laen-tuhistamine\/#Millal_voib_laenulepingu_tuhistamine_olla_voimalik\" >Millal v\u00f5ib laenulepingu t\u00fchistamine olla v\u00f5imalik?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/artiklid\/kelmuse-teel-voetud-laen-tuhistamine\/#Kas_tuhise_lepingu_korral_peab_laenu_tagasi_maksma\" >Kas t\u00fchise lepingu korral peab laenu tagasi maksma?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/artiklid\/kelmuse-teel-voetud-laen-tuhistamine\/#Mida_peaks_kelmuse_ohver_arvestama\" >Mida peaks kelmuse ohver arvestama?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/artiklid\/kelmuse-teel-voetud-laen-tuhistamine\/#Meelespea\" >Meelespea<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Justiits- ja digiministeerium on avaldanud seisukoha, et kelmide poolt v\u00f5etud laenude t\u00fchistamine on kelmuse ohvri jaoks lihtne ja otsekohene viis laenu tasumisest p\u00e4\u00e4semiseks.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Mart-Murk_Hedman-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Mart-Murk_Hedman-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/hedman.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Mart-Murk_Hedman-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/hedman.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Mart-Murk_Hedman-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/hedman.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Mart-Murk_Hedman-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/hedman.legal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Mart-Murk_Hedman.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hedmani kohtuadvokaat <a href=\"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/inimesed\/mart-murk\/\">M\u00e4rt M\u00fcrk<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kas_kelmuse_teel_voetud_laenu_saab_tuhistada_ja_kas_ohver_peab_selle_tagasi_maksma\"><\/span><strong>Kas kelmuse teel v\u00f5etud laenu saab t\u00fchistada ja kas ohver peab selle tagasi maksma?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>Kelmuse teel v\u00f5etud laen t\u00e4hendab olukorda, kus petis s\u00f5lmib laenulepingu teise isiku nimel, kasutades n\u00e4iteks tema digiallkirja, paroole v\u00f5i muid autentimisvahendeid.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Kui petis on v\u00f5tnud sinu nimele laenu, ei pruugi laenulepingu t\u00fchistamine olla nii lihtne, nagu v\u00f5ib mulje j\u00e4\u00e4da. Kehtiva kohtupraktika j\u00e4rgi ei t\u00e4henda lepingu t\u00fchisus automaatselt seda, et ohver vabaneb laenu tagasimaksmisest.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Tsiviilseadustiku \u00fcldosa seaduse <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riigiteataja.ee\/akt\/131122024048\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(Ts\u00dcS) \u00a7 94 lg 4<\/a> v\u00f5imaldab tehingu t\u00fchistada, kui esineb v\u00e4hemalt \u00fcks j\u00e4rgmistest asjaoludest:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>laenuandja teadis v\u00f5i pidi teadma, et tehing on tehtud pettuse teel;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lepingu alusel omandas \u00f5iguse pettuse toime pannud kolmas isik.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Praktikas on esimese asjaolu t\u00f5endamine \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt keeruline. Tavaliselt ei ole v\u00f5imalik n\u00e4idata, et pank v\u00f5i muu laenuandja teadis pettusest. Kui laenuandja oleks pettusest teadnud, ei oleks ta laenu andnud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Millal_voib_laenulepingu_tuhistamine_olla_voimalik\"><\/span>Millal v\u00f5ib laenulepingu t\u00fchistamine olla v\u00f5imalik?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Riigikohus on selgitanud, et Ts\u00dcS \u00a7 94 lg 4 rakendub eelk\u00f5ige juhul, kui pettur on lepingu alusel vahetult omandanud m\u00f5ne \u00f5iguse (Riigikohtu otsus nr 3-2-1-153-09, p 22).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>See v\u00f5ib olla n\u00e4iteks olukord, kus laenusumma kantakse otse kelmi kontole, ilma et raha j\u00f5uaks ohvri kontole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Praktikas toimub kelmus aga enamasti nii, et laenusumma kantakse esmalt ohvri kontole ning kelm kannab selle sealt kohe edasi v\u00f5i v\u00f5tab sularahas v\u00e4lja. Sellisel juhul ei ole kohtupraktika j\u00e4rgi alust lepingut t\u00fchistada \u00fcksnes p\u00f5hjusel, et raha kanti edasi kolmandale isikule (Harju Maakohtu 22.11.2021 otsus nr 2-21-6908).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seet\u00f5ttu j\u00e4\u00e4b laenuandja ees vastutavaks reeglina kelmuse ohver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kas_tuhise_lepingu_korral_peab_laenu_tagasi_maksma\"><\/span>Kas t\u00fchise lepingu korral peab laenu tagasi maksma?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Oluline on m\u00f5ista, et isegi kui laenuleping loetakse t\u00fchiseks, ei pruugi see vabastada p\u00f5hisumma tagastamisest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kui laenusumma on j\u00f5udnud ohvri kontole, loetakse see raha \u00fcldjuhul saaduks ilma \u00f5igusliku aluseta. Ts\u00dcS \u00a7 84 lg 1 kohaselt tuleb sellisel juhul p\u00f5hisumma tagastada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>See t\u00e4hendab, et laenulepingu t\u00fchisus ei vabasta automaatselt laenu tagasimaksmisest. K\u00fcll aga v\u00f5ib sellisel juhul olla v\u00f5imalik v\u00e4ltida intressi ja k\u00f5rvaln\u00f5uete tasumist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mida_peaks_kelmuse_ohver_arvestama\"><\/span>Mida peaks kelmuse ohver arvestama?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kehtiva kohtupraktika pinnalt on kelmuse ohvritel sageli keeruline t\u00e4ielikult laenu tagasimaksmisest vabaneda, kui raha on j\u00f5udnud nende kontole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ohvril tekib k\u00fcll n\u00f5ue kelmi vastu tekitatud kahju h\u00fcvitamiseks, kuid selle n\u00f5ude maksmapanemine on praktikas tihti v\u00f5imatu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seet\u00f5ttu tuleb iga juhtumit hinnata eraldi. N\u00e4iteks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>kui laenuandja kandis raha otse kelmi kontole, v\u00f5ib olla v\u00f5imalik v\u00f5last vabaneda;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>muudel juhtudel v\u00f5ib k\u00f5ne alla tulla n\u00f5ude v\u00e4hendamine intresside arvelt;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>halvemal juhul v\u00f5ib vaidlus laenuandjaga suurendada menetluskulusid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Enne otsuste langetamist tasub hinnata olukorra \u00f5iguslikke v\u00e4ljavaateid realistlikult ja pidada n\u00f5u asjatundjaga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Meelespea\"><\/span>Meelespea<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kui petis v\u00f5ttis sinu nimele laenu, ei t\u00e4henda see automaatselt, et saad laenulepingu t\u00fchistada ja laenu tagasimaksmisest p\u00e4\u00e4seda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eriti juhul, kui laenusumma j\u00f5udis sinu kontole, on kehtiva kohtupraktika j\u00e4rgi v\u00e4ga t\u00f5en\u00e4oline, et p\u00f5hisumma tuleb tagastada isegi lepingu t\u00fchisuse korral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Iga olukord on siiski erip\u00e4rane ning enne vaidluse alustamist on m\u00f5istlik hinnata selle \u00f5iguslikke riske ja v\u00f5imalusi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leia artikkel ka <a href=\"https:\/\/www.postimees.ee\/8405786\/advokaat-lasi-soelapohjaks-ministeeriumi-pakutud-paasetee-pettuseohvritele\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.postimees.ee\/8405786\/advokaat-lasi-soelapohjaks-ministeeriumi-pakutud-paasetee-pettuseohvritele\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Postimehest<\/a> ja kuula M\u00e4rdi seisukohta <a href=\"https:\/\/vikerraadio.err.ee\/1609929058\/mart-murk-kelmuste-ohvrid-peavad-enda-eest-ise-voitlema\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vikerraadios<\/a> ning <a href=\"https:\/\/jupiter.err.ee\/1609926589\/pealtnagija\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/jupiter.err.ee\/1609926589\/pealtnagija\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pealtn\u00e4gijas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Kui oled sattunud telefonipettuse v\u00f5i kelmide ohvriks, aitavad advokaadib\u00fcroo Hedman kohtuadvokaadid&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/inimesed\/kaire-sepper\/\">Kaire Sepper<\/a>&nbsp;ja&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/inimesed\/mart-murk\/\">M\u00e4rt M\u00fcrk<\/a>&nbsp;sul j\u00e4rgmised sammud \u00e4ra kaardistada. V\u00f5ta meiega \u00fchendust&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:info@hedman.legal\">info@hedman.legal<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":21710,"template":"","article_categories":[],"class_list":["post-21496","articles_posttype","type-articles_posttype","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articles_posttype\/21496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articles_posttype"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/articles_posttype"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21710"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"article_categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hedman.legal\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article_categories?post=21496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}